Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia merupakan tipe leukoplakia yang agresif yang hampir selalu. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its related. But other irritants can cause this condition as well. However, this report described a case of rapid progress, which had malignant. Leukoplakia is a condition in which thick, white or grayish patches form usually inside your mouth. Jscholar publishers proliferative verrucous leukoplakia of the gingiva, report of two cases with malignant transformation nadereh ghanee dmd, selene saraf, mary nathanson kilo md and kristina waggoner pacific northwest kaiser dental, usa. The homogeneous leukoplakia is the most common type of this condition involving uniform white patches and is not serious. Tipe leukoplakia ini biasanya disertai dengan keluhan ringan berupa ketidaknyamanan atau nyeri yang terlokalisir. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia of the gingiva how. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is a rare form of oral leukoplakia, which was first described in 1985 by hansen et al. The surface texture is irregular compared to homogenous leukoplakia, and may be flat papular, nodular or exophytic. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia of the gingiva, report.
Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia revisited introduction after its introduction in 1985 by hansen et al. Objectives to provide an overview of the current thinking in terms of the diagnosis and management of oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia as relevant to general dental. Bishen 1, amit sethi 2 1 mds, assistant professor, oral and maxillofacial pathology, manipal college of dental sciences, mangalore 2 mds, mfds, assistant professor, oral and maxillofacial surgery, manipal college of dental sciences, manipal correspondence. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a rare and distinct variant of oral leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a condition wherein white or gray patches appear in some parts of the mouth, predominantly in the buccal mucosa and the tongue. Schmalbach md, facs1 1department of otolaryngology head and neck surgery, wilford hall medical center, lackland afb, texas. A rare, recalcitrant, and lethal form of leukoplakia necessitate special attention. Optimal management of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Leukoplakia has various appearances and changes can usually develop on the gums, the inside of cheeks, and the bottom of the mouth as well as often on the tongue and can also appear as. After this study, these lesions were named oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia opvl.
Soames and southam reported mutations of p53 in the cells from dysplastic areas of some leukoplakias who smoke and drink heavily. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a malignant form of leukoplakia of unknown etiology and is thought to be associated with human papilloma virus hpv. Pada verrucous leukoplakia, permukaan lesi tampak sudah menonjol, berwarna putih, tetapi tidak mengkilat. By combining the characteristics of the oral lesions and the. The development of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia in oral lichen. Each has been shown to have a considerable propensity to progress to carcinomaeither verrucous or conventional squamous cell carcinoma of. Oral hairy leukoplakia refers to a white patch that forms in the mouth. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a rare form of ol which has multiple recurrences, is refractory to treatment and has malignant transformation in a short period. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is a very rare kind of leukoplakia with great risk of.
Oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. It mainly involves the lining inside of the cheeks buccal mucosa and tongue. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia of the gingiva listed as pvlg. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is seen mainly in older women, beginning as a simple slowgrowing, persistent leukoplakia that tends to spread and become multifocal and affect the gingival frequently. The average percentage of malignant transformation for leukoplakia varies between 4% and 6%. Underdiagnosed oral precursor lesion that requires retrospective clinicopathological correlation ozgur mete 1, yaren keskin 2, gunter hafiz 3, kivanc bektas kayhan 2, meral unur 2 dermatology online journal 16 5. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is a rare form of oral. This function is accomplished through a ligation between betacarotene and oxygen, which is an unstable reactive molecule, thus diminishing the damaging effects of free radicals lycopene in vitro experiments have shown the inhibition of the process of human neoplastic cellular growth by lycopene, since this.
Shopper, dds, med, is an associate pr ofessor in the department of or al diagnosis, oral medicine, and radiology. Since then, various published case series have presented pvl as a disease with aggressive biological behavior due to its high probability of recurrence and a high rate of malignant transformation, usually higher than 70%. Pdf proliferative verrucous leukoplakia victor lopes. Pvlg proliferative verrucous leukoplakia of the gingiva. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is of uncertain etiology but may be associated with human papillomavirus hpv infection. Carcinoma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and ebv epsteinbarr virus in oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. It is also associated with betel quid chewing and oral submucous fibrosis how is the diagnosis made. Pdf oral leukoplakia is one of the most common potentially malignant disorders. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a multifocal and progressive lesion of the oral mucosa, with unknown etiology, and commonly resistant to all therapy attempts with frequent recurrences. Was to describe 14 cases of a proliferative verrucous leukoplakia as a clinical evolution of oral lichen planus. Read and know what is leukoplakia as well as all about its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Speckled and verrucous leukoplakias have a greater risk for malignant transformation than the homogeneous form.
There is a strong association with tobacco smoking leukoplakia is six times more common in smokers than nonsmokers and alcohol intake independent of drinking pattern or beverage type. They may appear shaggy or contain a number of tiny folds or ridges. The diagnosis of this entity is predicated on a temporal constellation of clinical features and histopathologic findings. Overall, female indians are more frequently engaged in betel quid chewing habit com pared with the male indians, although male indians tend to combine betel. Carcinoma, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and ebv med oral patol oral cir bucal. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia diagnostic pitfalls. Since then, various published case series have presented pvl as a.
The primary outcomes of interest were clinical resolution, malignant transformation, followup, and recurrence of ol. These patches usually appear along the sides of the tongue, or on the top and underside of the tongue or along the inside of the cheek. Leukoplakia pictures, causes, symptoms, treatment and. Leukoplakia causes, pictures, symptoms, treatment, prognosis. The aim of this paper was to assess the nonsurgical treatment of oral leukoplakia ol. Case report an unusual case report of an early proliferative. Pdf proliferative verrucous leukoplakia a recalcitrant.
As mentioned above, most pvl cases processed to malignancy over many years, sometimes 20 years. Summary proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is an uncommon entity with a high tendency to develop oral squamous cell carcinomas osccs. It is characterized by a high rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma and verrucou carcinoma transformations. A case report with an update rakhi issrani 1, namdeo prabhu 2, vaishali keluskar 3 1 department of oral medicine and radiology, saraswati dental college, lucknow, uttar pradesh, india 2 department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, k. Although one type of leukoplakia speckled leukoplakia carries a higher risk ofdevelopinginto malignancy than the other homogenous leukoplakia, the clinican must be equally aware of these lesions. Hairy leukoplakia is a condition that is characterised by irregular white patches on the side of the tongue and occasionally elsewhere on the tongue or in the mouth. It is proliferative verrucous leukoplakia of the gingiva. Leukoplakia definitionpage contents1 leukoplakia definition2 leukoplakia types3 what is homogeneous leukoplakia. Case report of rapidly progressive proliferative verrucous. It is defined as essentially an oral mucosal white lesion that cannot be considered as any other definable lesion.
Although the white color in leukoplakia is a result of hyperkeratosis or acanthosis, similarly appearing white lesions that are caused by reactive keratosis smokers keratosis or frictional keratoses e. Leukoplakia could be classified as mucosal disease, and also as a premalignant condition. Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder affecting the oral mucosa. The management of oral leukoplakia varies from a wait and see attitude and topical chemopreventive agents to complete surgical removal. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is a rare type of oral leukoplakia, where white patches that have a high risk of becoming cancerous develop inside the mouth. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is an uncommon form of progressive multifocal leukoplakia with a high rate of malignant transformation to either squamous cell cancer or verrucous carcinoma and a high probability of recurrence. Among them oral leukoplakia ol is quite prevalent 0. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is a recognized high risk subtype of nonhomogenous leukoplakia. Oral lichen planus, proliferative verrucous oral leukoplakia, malignant oral lichen planus, multifocal verrucous oral lichen planus, proliferative verrucous oral lichen planus. Leukoplakia is a premalignant lesion of the oral mucosa that presents as a white lesion or patch that cannot be characterized clinically or histopathologically as any other entity. Learn more about signs and symptoms, when to see a doctor for treatment, and more. In time, pvl develops exophytic, wartlike or erythroplakic. This is a disorder which is most generally found in the elderly.
Leukoplakia is a discomforting condition that affects around 3% of the world population. Pdf diagnosis of oral white lesions might be quite challenging. N2 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is a particularly aggressive form of oral leukoplakia that is resistant to treatment and presents a high risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. Leukoplakia is a condition where white patches or lesions appear in the mouth. Grayish or white patches which can not be wiped away. Oral leukoplakia is classified into homogeneous, non homogeneous and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. Human papilloma virus is also one of the causes of this condition. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia diagnostic pitfalls and suggestions kundendu a. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl described in 1985 extensive papillary or verrucoid white plaques that tend to slowly involve multiple mucosal sites in the oral cavity and to inexorably transform into squamous cell carcinoma over a period of many years high risk of transformation to dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma or verrucous carcinoma. K institute of dental sciences, belgaum, karnataka, india 3 department of oral medicine and radiology, k. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl and verrucous hyperplasia vh are two interrelated oral mucosal lesions.
How to treat leukoplakia with vitamins natural home. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia of the gingiva how is proliferative verrucous leukoplakia of the gingiva abbreviated. The diagnosis can only be achieved through the keen clinical observation of the temporal progression in individual patients to verrucous andor conventional squamous carcinoma. An aggressive form of oral leukoplakia thomas p shopper, robert b brannon and william h stalker thomas p. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia genetic and rare. Introduction oral verrucous carcinoma is a rare tumor first described by ackerman. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is a rare oral leukoplakia and has four.
With the introduction of the term pvl the previously. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakiapvl is rare high risk form of leukoplakia first described by hansen and. This is largely due to the overlapping clinical and pathologic early features with conventional multifocal leukoplakia with dysplasia. It is a form of leukoplakia, which refers to white patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth often arising in response to chronic irritation. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is a rare oral leukoplakia and has four features such as chronic proliferation, multiple occurrences, refractoriness to treatment and high rate of malignant transformation.
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia pvl is a very aggressive and rare form of oral leukoplakia ol with high morbidity. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia med oral patol oral cir bucal. Image exophytic leukoplakia on the buccal mucosa 11. Request pdf optimal management of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia.
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